Sleep apnea is a common yet serious sleep disorder that occurs when a person's breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep. These interruptions, known as apneas, can last from a few seconds to minutes and may occur multiple times throughout the night.
There are three main types of sleep apnea:
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): The most common form, caused by a physical blockage of the airway, often due to the relaxation of soft tissue in the back of the throat.
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Central Sleep Apnea (CSA): A less common type, where the brain fails to send the correct signals to the muscles that control breathing.
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Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A combination of obstructive and central sleep apnea.
Symptoms of Sleep Apnea
Common symptoms include:
- Loud snoring
- Episodes of stopped breathing during sleep (often noticed by a partner)
- Gasping for air or choking during sleep
- Excessive daytime sleepiness or fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating or memory issues
- Morning headaches
- Irritability or mood changes
Why is Sleep Apnea Serious?
Untreated sleep apnea can lead to a variety of health complications, including:
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Type 2 diabetes
- Depression or anxiety
- Reduced quality of life
How is Sleep Apnea Diagnosed?
Sleep apnea is typically diagnosed through a sleep study, which can be conducted in a sleep lab or at home. This study monitors your breathing, oxygen levels, and other key factors while you sleep.